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"The best exercise is the one you can do consistently."


Types of Exercise1

  1. Endurance
  2. Strength
  3. Balance
  4. Flexibility
Endurance or aerobic exercises are good for the heart and lungs. Research has shown that sprinting has the same benefit as running, but can be done in a much shorter duration2.

Strength or resistance exercises are building stronger muscles.

Balance exercises help to prevent falls while flexibility exercises help freedom of movement.

Because aerobic and strength exercises provide more significant benefits than balance and flexibility, my focus should be aerobic and strength. Because aerobic and strength exercises provide different benefits, I should include both in my fitness program.


Aerobic Exercise

Aerobic exercises are activities that increase oxygen intake for fat oxidation - using fat as primary fuel for the activity for an extended period. Running and cycling are examples.

In additional to heart healthy, aerobic exercises are more effective for reducing visceral fat - the abdominal fat that surrounds your organs 3.

However, if fat oxidation doesn't provide energy fast enough, muscle will be broken down as fuel, which is not a side effect I want.

Because sprinting has similar positive effects with much lower risk of loosing muscles according to one study 2, I will pick sprinting over running to save time and muscles.

Sprinting: 5-minute warm up, 20-minute sprints, and 5-minute cool down. Sprints are 30-second all-out sprints and 60-second recovery walks.


Strength Exercise

Strength exercises are activities for building stronger and bigger muscles.

Muscle Growth

Muscle Growth = Stimulate + Energy Surplus + Recovery

The primarily mechanisms to stimulate muscle growth is progressive overload, metabolic stress, and mechanical damage 4. For practicality and simplicity, I focus on progressive overload and mechanical damage. Progressive overload means gradually adding more weight to each exercise or increasing reps. Mechanical damage means focusing on the eccentric portion of the exercise such as lowering slower for the pull up exercise.

Because building more muscle or any body tissue requires energy, I need to feed my body slightly more than my daily maintenance intake. So knowing my TDEE is important.

Finally, recovery is very important. I break muscles while working out and build muscles when I am sleeping. Ensure sleeping at lease 8 hours for muscle recovery and better mood.

Performing Specific Exercises

Proper form is critical to activate the right muscles and prevent injuries


Reference:
  1. National Institute on Aging. "4 Types of Exercise." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://go4life.nia.nih.gov/4-types-of-exercise/. Accessed 29 Nov. 2018.
  2. Macpherson et al. "Run sprint interval training improves aerobic performance but not maximal cardiac output." Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jan;43(1):115-22. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e5eacd. Jan. 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20473222. Accessed 29 Nov. 2018.
  3. Paoli et al. Resistance Training with Single vs. Multi-joint Exercises at Equal Total Load Volume: Effects on Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscle Strength. 22 Dec. 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5744434/. Accessed 25 Nov. 2018.
  4. Cavaliere, Jeff. "Muscle Soreness and Muscle Growth." Athlene-X. 18 Jul. 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0BIRPLzohs. Accessed 29 Nov. 2018.

Disclaimer: I have no formal education in biochemistry, nutrition, or sports science. These are my personal notes from what I believed to be reliable sources. Please consult your doctor before adjusting your lifestyle.